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Bifidobacterium longum
''Bifidobacterium longum'' is a gram-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium present in the human gastrointestinal tract and one of the 32 species that belong to the genus ''Bifidobacterium''. It is a micro-aerotolerant anaerobe and considered to be one of the earliest colonizers of the gastrointestinal tract of infants.〔 When grown on general anaerobic medium, ''B. longum'' forms white, glossy colonies with a convex shape.
While ''B. longum'' is not significantly present in the adult gastrointestinal tract, it is considered part of the gut flora and its production of lactic acid is believed to prevent growth of pathogenic organisms. ''B. longum'' is non-pathogenic and is often added to food products for its beneficial probiotic health effects.〔
== Classification ==
In 2002, three previously distinct species of ''Bifidobacterium'', ''B. infantis'', ''B. longum'', and ''B. suis'', were unified into a single species named ''B. longum'' with the biotypes infantis, longum, and suis respectively. This occurred as the three species had extensive DNA similarity including a 16s rRNA gene sequence similarity greater than 97%. In addition, the three original species were phenotypically difficult to distinguish due to different carbohydrate fermentation patterns among strains of the same species.〔
As probiotic activity varies among strains of ''B. longum'', there exists an interest in the exact classification of new strains, although this is made difficult by the high gene similarity between the three biotypes. Currently, strain identification is done through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the subtly different 16s rRNA gene sequences.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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